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This case study examines the Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar (IITGN) campus's monthly energy consumption profile in detail to understand how it varies according to academic calendar, seasonal variability, and the recent COVID 19 pandemic. In addition, a detailed assessment of the electricity bill and its sub-component calculations are intended to understand how the energy consumption pattern affects the overall monthly electricity bill. From this study, it is observed that the energy consumption of academic areas, hostel areas, and chiller plants account for 80-90% of total energy consumption. The on-site solar PV energy generation at IITGN campus accounts for 1014% of total monthly energy consumption, which varies greatly by season. The analyses performed in this paper were inferred by three years of historical data of actual energy consumption and monthly electricity bills. Based on the analysis presented in this paper some recommendations towards the energy conservation measures are also given. © 2022 IEEE.
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Among thorny challenges, During the COVID-19, there has been a great deal of attention paid on electric demand for hospitals and critical devices. Beside given unplanned power outages during peak load of summer season nowadays made system so stressful for seamless operation and therefore vulnerable to possible damages. As a remedy, many utilities tend to adapt further renewable energy in the power system as a way to cope with excessive peak demand. In this sense, grid-connected solar photovoltaic systems can cater best to this shortage. In this work, a 100 kW grid-connected photovoltaic system for a practical solar parking lot is modelled. The simulations are decomposed in two cases of mono-facial and bifacial panels, and the comparison study among them is made. As a simulation environment, the PVsyst is used to design and simulate PV systems. The simulation results show that in case of mono-facial module the 150 MWh/yr with an average performance ratio of 77.7% and for a bifacial system the 171.1 MWh/yr with an average performance ratio of 87.31 % can be produced and thus injected to the system. © 2022 IEEE.
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Rapid urbanization in developing countries has come at great costs in terms of the increasing energy demand. As India is a developing nation, the rising per capita income, and increasing purchasing power of domestic alliances by households, are pushing the household energy demand to rise sharply. Thus, there is a need to move towards the implementation of Net-Zero buildings in the residential sector in India to curb the escalating trend of energy demand. Although Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic has gained attention as a sustainable energy alternative to conventional sources, the potential of façade solar PV for harnessing alternative energy sources remains unexplored. This study aims to design and assess the feasibility of a grid-connected façade solar PV to meet the energy demand of residential complexes in a residential academic campus in India. Three groups of residential complexes based on energy-related user behaviour and built area have been identified in the study. Further, the maximum energy demand recorded in CoVID-affected years has been considered for designing the PV system. The study demonstrates that Façade Solar PV can solely meet 77-82% of the maximum energy demand of each group, and meets the Net-Zero potential for the studied residential typologies. Furthermore, it has been found, that the current residential benchmarking and labeling by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), are largely climate-based and do not correspond with housing typology and built area. Thus, this study proposes a novel energy benchmarking and labelling system, based on the studied housing typology and corresponding energy usage, expressed in terms of the Energy Performance Index (EPI). It is found that the proposed energy efficiency labels for different typologies vary from the existing BEE residential benchmarking labels in terms of the calculated EPI and corresponding star rating when considered for Warm and Humid climatic zone. © 2022 ACM.
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In the COVID-19 pandemic, control of airborne virus transmission is exceptionally challenging as it is attached to suspended particles in the air and stays for an extended time. Air contaminated with airborne viruses holds a substantial risk for household transmission. In this study, a novel thermal treatment system is modeled based on porous heating for the decontamination of airborne SARS-Cov-2. The model includes an air heating domain, insulated chamber, buffer tank and heat exchanger. The airborne SARS-Cov-2 is decontaminated when passing through a porous heat pipe and the insulated chamber for an anticipated dwelling period of more than 5?min at 105°C and further stored in a buffer tank for natural cooling. The obligatory decontaminated air is allowed in the residential space under ambient conditions passing through a heat exchanger. The numerical investigation of the porous pipe model at different L/D ratios with altered porosities aims to establish the best-performing porous domain. Besides this, the buffer tank is intended to maintain buffer storage of the treated air and significant natural cooling before passing to the heat exchanger. A solar PV module is proposed to meet the prerequisite energy requirements of the equipped devices.
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Renewable energy is crucial to achieving carbon neutrality and supporting sustainable development, but its success depends on effective policies. This study aims to evaluate public policies and their influences on the use and diffusion of wind and solar PV into the Brazilian electricity grid and to understand if, and how, the two renewable sources could be affected by the post-COVID-19 pandemic scenario. This work plays an important role in the decarbonization of the electricity sector, highlights the need to modernize the Brazilian industrial park, and addresses new barriers to the development of renewable sources in the country. To carry out the analysis and answer the research questions, a mixed methodological approach was adopted covering the quantitative and qualitative aspects, led by a rigorous systematic review of the literature and semi-structured interviews with Brazilian stakeholders. The results revealed that 1/4 of the policies, characterized by socio-economic drives, were responsible for the growth of the share of wind and solar PV supply in the electrical mix, contributing to the decarbonization of the Brazilian energy mix. The results also suggest that new policies will be needed to ensure a greater presence of both sources in the electricity mix. The findings of the study reveal unpublished and valuable information capable of supporting policymakers and stakeholders in the diffusion of renewable sources. Further studies are needed to highlight other aspects, such as the need to modernize the “distribution” network and storage system for renewable technologies.
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Technology, economics, and government policies, disrupt business models. Since the initiation of feed-in tariffs and renewable energy policies, the Malaysian solar photovoltaic industry has experienced acceleration growth. Changes in policies and a limited feed-in tariff quota system affected the solar photovoltaic industry in Malaysia. However, new policies and frameworks towards self-consumption and large-scale solar with net energy metering and financing options have changed the business models. To better understand Malaysia's present solar PV business models and financing options, interviews and surveys were conducted with business representatives and customers. In addition, Malaysian solar PV business models were compared with Germany, the USA, Japan, and Thailand. The drivers, barriers, and challenges faced by solar service companies and customers in Malaysia are presented. Interestingly, the Malaysian solar energy business was immune to the Covid-19 pandemic, and an overwhelming increase in the installation capacity took place owing to existing attractive policies. The study provides valuable insights on the guidelines of existing business models and new energy policies that might assist renewable energy policymakers, local solar photovoltaics companies, and foreign investors.
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With diminishing fossil fuel resources and increasing environmental concerns, large-scale deployment of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) has accelerated the transition towards clean energy systems, leading to significant RES generation share in power systems worldwide. Among different RES, solar PV is receiving major focus as it is most abundant in nature compared to others, complimented by falling prices of PV technology. However, variable, intermittent and non-synchronous nature of PV power generation technology introduces several technical challenges, ranging from short-term issues, such as low inertia, frequency stability, voltage stability and small signal stability, to long-term issues, such as unit commitment and scheduling issues. Therefore, such technical issues often limit the amount of non-synchronous instantaneous power that can be securely accommodated by a grid. In this backdrop, this research work proposes a tool to estimate maximum PV penetration level that a given power system can securely accommodate for a given unit commitment interval. The proposed tool will consider voltage and frequency while estimating maximum PV power penetration of a system. The tool will be useful to a system operator in assessing grid stability and security under a given generation mix, network topology and PV penetration level. Besides estimating maximum PV penetration, the proposed tool provides useful inputs to the system operator which will allow the operator to take necessary actions to handle high PV penetration in a secure and stable manner.
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A potential response to the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with long-term benefits is to provide electricity for medical equipment in rural health centers and communities. This study identifies a large gap in the electrification of healthcare facilities in SSA, and it shows that decentralized photovoltaic systems can offer a clean, reliable, quick, and cost-effective solution. The cost of providing renewable electricity to each health facility by a stand-alone PV system is analyzed for a given location (incorporating operational costs). The upfront investment cost for providing electricity with PV to >50,000 facilities (mostly primary health posts) currently without electricity is estimated at EUR 484 million. Analysis of the accessibility and population distribution shows that 281 million people could reduce their travel time to healthcare facilities (by an average of 50 min) if all facilities were electrified.
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There is a pressing need to accelerate the development of advanced technologies to prevent Coronavirus in large gatherings. The present system is an integration of tunnel disinfectant spray system and solar setup which utilises the solar energy to power a pump which pushes the required amount of chemical mixture into the nozzles of the spray system in order to eliminate any incoming virus or bacteria on the clothes of a particular person without wetting it. Data was gathered for a mall in New Delhi related to occupancy levels before and after lockdown. A 47% and 35% spike in energy and disinfectant mixture to pump was evaluated on weekends. A 70% reduction in operating cost was registered for solar based system in comparison to non-solar setup. Optimum conditions by considering efficiency and cost effectiveness evaluated are 8 number of nozzles, nozzle angle 55 degrees spray pressure 200 bar, and pressure 200 bar.